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Wireless Networking

Wi-Fi is an extension of the LAN to the wireless domain (WLAN). Wi-Fi technology has simplified the installation and distribution of networking infrastructure by replacing wire cabling with low-power radio waves. Because it is standards-based, it is widely available and integrates seamlessly with existing Ethernet networks. For wireless data acquisition, Wi-Fi is an easy way to tie into existing corporate infrastructure without special gateways or converters. With the most current ratified IEEE standard, IEEE 802.11g, it also provides ample bandwidth (54 Mb/s) for streaming dynamic waveform data.

Figure 3. Adding Wi-Fi connectivity to a wired network requires a wireless access point, such as the NI WAP-3701.

Security is foremost on the minds of network administrators when implementing Wi-Fi in a corporate environment. Because Wi-Fi transmits data over radio waves, there are few means for physically restricting network access. Generally speaking, there are three levels of wireless security, all of which are supported by NI Wi-Fi DAQ. The three levels are Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), and Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2, also known as IEEE 802.11i). WEP is considered too weak for almost all IT networks; most use WPA or WPA2 instead. The differences between these standards are in how they implement the two key components of wireless security – encryption and authentication.

Security Standard	Encryption	Authentication
WEP	64-bit key (RC4 cipher)	64-bit key
WPA	128-bit TKIP (RC4 cipher)	802.1X and EAP
WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i)	128-bit AES	802.1X and EAP

Table 1. There are three levels of Wi-Fi network security to consider when implementing Wi-Fi in a corporate environment.

It courses

IT Courses C2 in Information Technology (General) C3 in Information Technology (General) C4 in Information Technology (General) C4 in Information Technology (Networking) C4 in Information Technology (Support) IT Clients C2 in Information Technology This course is the entry level qualification for those interested in commencing a career in IT, supported with formal studies. Junior Network Assistant Help Desk Operator IT Assistant or Trainee PC or Client Support Officer Maintenance or Support Technician Click here to see the C2 in Information Technology Course Outline. C3 in Information Technology (General) The Certificate 3 course suits people entering the following job roles with some prior personal or work experience with computers: - Client Support Officer - Network Support Officer - IT Technician or - Help Desk Operator. There are three different streams you may undertake when completing the the C3 in IT course: Networking, Support and Applications. Select the stream that best suits your job role. There are entry requirement for students enrolling in the C3 level course that require applicants to demonstrate they already have the skills equivalent to Certificate 2, and have an appropriate job environment that allows them to complete the practical requirements of the course. Click here to download a C3 Course Outline. C4 in Information Technology (General) Entry into the C4 IT General course requires you to have the necessary prerequisite units from Certificate II and Certificate III or be assessed as having these competencies prior to commencing the course. You will need to discuss these entry requirements with the College prior to enrolment. Click here to see the C4 IT General Course Outline. C4 in Information Technology (Networking) Entry into C4 IT Networking also requires prerequisites, so please contact the College prior to enrolment. The course has suitability for those employed as Network Managers or Network Administrators and covers core modules such as networking security, advanced network installation, installing hardware and software to a network and automating processes. Click here to see the C4 IT Networking Course Outline. C4 in Information Technology (Support) The C4 IT Support course is best suited to employees in the IT industry employed as Database Administrators or Help Desk Specialists. Once again the C4 IT Support course requires prerequisites, so contact the College before enrolment. Click here for a C4 IT Support Course Outline. IT Clients The College has a long history of helping a diverse range of IT companies, or IT departments within large organisations. Clients include: Datacom Customer Connect HIGTC Interbit Computing Reserve Bank IMB Building Society

Internet Protocol Suite

The TCP/IP suite uses encapsulation to provide abstraction of protocols and services. Such encapsulation usually is aligned with the division of the protocol suite into layers of general functionality. In general, an application (the highest level of the model) uses a set of protocols to send its data down the layers, being further encapsulated at each level.

This may be illustrated by an example network scenario, in which two Internet host computers communicate across local network boundaries constituted by their internetworking gateways (routers).

The functional groups of protocols and methods are the Application Layer, the Transport Layer, the Internet Layer, and the Link Layer(RFC 1122). It should be noted that this model was not intended to be a rigid reference model into which new protocols have to fit in order to be accepted as a standard.

The following table provides some examples of the protocols grouped in their respective layers.

Application

DNS, TFTP, TLS/SSL, FTP, Gopher, HTTP, IMAP, IRC, NNTP, POP3, SIP, SMTP,SMPP, SNMP, SSH, Telnet,Echo, RTP, PNRP, rlogin, ENRP

Routing protocols like BGP and RIP which run over TCP/UDP, may also be considered part of the Internet Layer.

Transport

TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, IL, RUDP, RSVP

Internet

OSPF for IPv4 was initially considered IP layer protocol since it runs per IP-subnet, but has been placed on the Link since RFC 2740.

Web 2.0 Collaboration Tools

THE INVITATION:

This Rolling Review focuses on Web collaboration products. To qualify, products must address data security, storage, and accessibility. We'll evaluate how they balance privacy, productivity, and security and test ease of installation and use, overall functionality, management, features, and price. Each vendor must provide pricing for a collaboration scenario in which multiple users work together on a data-heavy project.

THE VENDORS:

For this Rolling Review, we invited 10 companies that provide Web collaboration as a service or a product: CallWave, Central Desktop, Digital Samba, Google, Jive Software, Microsoft, Novell, PBwiki, Polycom, and Voce Communications.

THE PREMISE :

Rolling Reviews present a comprehensive look at a hot technology category, beginning with market analysis and wrapping up with a synopsis of our findings. Our extended testing span lets us accommodate today's accelerated revision cycles and focus our attention on individual products, while maintaining a consistent test bed.

THE TEST BED:

At our Phil Hippensteel Associates partner labs, we'll manage a collaboration project over time to evaluate ease of use, overall effectiveness, and security management, along with where project data is stored and who can access it. To test each collaboration tool, we'll open an administrator account, provision and deprovision users, assign people to groups, and administer rights (upload/download documents, make changes, share information inside and outside the corporate domain). Wearing our end-user hats, we'll put collaboration features through their paces.

Web 2.0 Tools Demand A Cautious Approach

As companies look to cut costs and manage projects involving far-flung staff, many are investigating wikis, file-sharing services, and other consumer technologies to deliver Web-based collaboration inexpensively.
Bringing these tools into a corporate environment presents thorny issues, however. Chief among them is security: IT is justifiably wary of giving users privileges such as directly editing Web content or uploading files when their companies lack the technology and policies to enable safe Web 2.0 use.

But are there cost-effective collaboration tools that you don't have to just say no to? In this Rolling Review, we'll find out. To get a good look at a cross section of available apps, we invited a range of vendors, from major players like Microsoft, Novell, and Google to smaller companies such as Central Desktop, Socialtext, and CallWave. As we test these tools at our Phil Hippensteel Associates partner labs, we'll evaluate how well they address these key considerations:

Who has the data?

Trade secrets, customer lists, and competitive intelligence must be carefully guarded. Violations of regulations and privacy laws are always a concern when data is in the hands of others. Whoever controls the data will be responsible for it and will be held accountable for any data that might be evidence in court cases.

How secure is it?

Collaboration services track the progress of projects while integrating e-mail, schedules, and new contacts with local databases. These tools require users to send and receive files, images, and Java scripts to corporate computers, possibly from peer devices that are outside IT's control.

Antivirus and intrusion-detection software can spot inappropriate e-mail attachments, but finding malware embedded in HTTP traffic is more difficult.

What are the costs?

Web 2.0 collaboration tools usually have a monthly or annual fee and relatively low up-front costs. Additional expenses are likely to occur once the tool is in use. For example, if you configure the components of a large project only to discover that your design is bulky and difficult to use, you'll incur the cost of the time needed to redesign the collaboration. It can be difficult to correct these problems once data has been stored. Our Rolling Review will look at the products' flexibility to avoid this pitfall. Training costs are a related issue. As we test these tools we'll consider whether they are easy to learn and use.

How's the support?

Collaboration tools and services have to play well with other applications like ERP systems and desktop office software. Quick responses to integration questions will be crucial. This may be especially true for collaboration products and services because they may not have been developed with integration as a high priority.

Computer network

A computer network is a group of interconnected computers. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics. This article provides a general overview of some types and categories and also presents the basic components of a network.

A computer network is a collection of computers and devices connected to each other. The network allows computers to communicate with each other and share resources and information. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) designed "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first computer network in the world in late 1960s and early 1970s.^[1]

Connection method

Computer networks can also be classified according to the hardware and software technology that is used to interconnect the individual devices in the network, such as Optical fiber, Ethernet, Wireless LAN, HomePNA, Power line communication or G.hn.

Ethernet uses physical wiring to connect devices. Frequently deployed devices include hubs, switches, bridges and/or routers.

Wireless LAN technology is designed to connect devices without wiring. These devices use radio waves or infrared signals as a transmission medium.

ITU-T G.hn technology uses existing home wiring (coaxial cable, phone lines and power lines) to create a high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) local area network.

Scale

Networks are often classified as Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Personal Area Network (PAN), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Campus Area Network (CAN), Storage Area Network (SAN), etc. depending on their scale, scope and purpose. Usage, trust levels and access rights often differ between these types of network - for example, LANs tend to be designed for internal use by an organization's internal systems and employees in individual physical locations (such as a building), while WANs may connect physically separate parts of an organization to each other and may include connections to third parties.

Functional relationship (network architecture)

Computer networks may be classified according to the functional relationships which exist among the elements of the network, e.g., Active Networking, Client-server and Peer-to-peer (workgroup) architecture.

Network topology

Main article: Network topology

Computer networks may be classified according to the network topology upon which the network is based, such as bus network, star network, ring network, mesh network, star-bus network, tree or hierarchical topology network. Network topology signifies the way in which devices in the network see their logical relations to one another. The use of the term "logical" here is significant. That is, network topology is independent of the "physical" layout of the network. Even if networked computers are physically placed in a linear arrangement, if they are connected via a hub, the network has a Star topology, rather than a bus topology. In this regard the visual and operational characteristics of a network are distinct; the logical network topology is not necessarily the same as the physical layout. Networks may be classified based on the method of data used to convey the data, these include digital and analog networks.

SOURCE; http://en.wikipedia.org